Ask Dr. Cai (10)
10) How is treatment for mental illness covered by health insurances? How much does it usually cost?
A: First, there are several types of treatments for mental illnesses depending on diagnoses and severity of illness. These include commonly used approaches such as psychotropic medications and psychotherapy as well as less commonly used methods such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), psychoanalysis, hypnosis, etc. They can be inpatient treatment or outpatient treatment. Different treatment modalities can be applied together or separately. Focusing on the commonly used approaches, medication management and psychotherapy can be practiced together or separately, depending on the therapist’s expertise (see Answers to Question #4, 6. and 7). When they are practiced separately, a medication management session lasts from 15-20 minutes on average and costs almost as much as a psychotherapy session; a formal psychotherapy session usually lasts 45-50 minutes. When they are practiced together, depending on the type of therapy, the session can be 30 to 45 minutes and the cost can be the same as therapy or a little more per session than either type of treatment alone. Keep in mind that the rate can vary by specific practitioner. It may also change over time.
Second, to my knowledge, most health insurance plans cover medication treatment and psychotherapy sessions to some degree. However, many plans limit the number of sessions covered per year and often count medication treatment as part of total mental health sessions allowed for one individual per year. As seeing regular doctors, a per-session copayment is almost the rule. One can discuss with the doctor about the treatment plan and session limits once started. It is quite possible that a patient will need more sessions in a year than covered by the insurance company. In other words, it is not uncommon that a patient needs to pay out of pocket to some degree. Your doctor/therapist can discuss treatment choices with you after evaluation. Psychoanalysis is essentially not covered despite its usefulness for certain patients, which is one of the reasons for its popularity decreased significantly in the US in recent decades. Many of them mostly see patients for psychotherapy.
Third, like medical doctors, there is a difference in coverages for providers who are inside the insurance network vs those outside network — If one wants to pay less out of pocket, it is important to contact your insurance and find out the list of providers. Many doctors and therapists choose not to be a part of an insurance plan due to low payment from insurance companies, unfortunately, including many of the best doctors and therapists. In general, psychologists and social workers charge a lower per-session rate than psychiatrists, but the cost can vary widely depending on other individual factors, such as the experience and popularity of the practitioner, the location, and affiliation (with a hospital or community mental health center vs private practice, for example). Therapists still in training usually charge a much lower rate than fully credited and established ones, but this does not mean their care is necessarily less good, because they always have an experienced professor/mentor who supervises them on each case. In some hospitals, the trainees’ therapy sessions were recorded with the patient’s consent and then supervised by senior faculties. A therapist in training may also be very conscientious with updated knowledge. Seeing a therapist under training at a teaching hospital or clinic can be an economical way to get high-quality treatment. Community mental health centers, some hospitals, and many psychotherapists charge patients on a “sliding scale.” In other words, the rate they charge a patient is pre-arranged according to the patient’s income. Therefore, the cost of mental health care for each person depends on his or her specific needs and financial considerations. Lastly, with doctors and therapists in private practice who have to cover many overhead costs by themselves, don’t be surprised for a small percentage increase of the fee which usually reflects the inflation, but the insurance plans are not necessarily agreeable.
Given all these variables, I can’t give specific numbers here for the costs of treatment. As a rule, it is important to keep good communication with your doctor/therapist about any concerns related to treatment including payment. Unlike other types of medical care, the discussion about the payment of treatment can be a psychological therapeutic issue. Most doctors and therapists will not charge an unreasonable rate both for ethical and practical reasons.
February 23, 2009 - 1:12 AM No Comments